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The Poland–Czechoslovakia war, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war ((チェコ語:Sedmidenní válka)) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in 1919. The Czechoslovak government in Prague requested that the Poles cease their preparations for elections to the Polish Sejm in the area that had been designated Polish in the interim agreement as no sovereign rule was to be executed in the disputed areas. The Polish government declined and Czechoslovak units attacked the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia to prevent the elections in the contested territory.〔Gawrecká, 23, in particular the quotation of Dąbrowski: "Czesi uderzyli na nas kilka dni przed 26 stycznia 1919, w którym to dniu miały się odbyć wybory do Sejmu w Warszawie. Nie chcieli bowiem między innemi dopuścić do przeprowadzenia tych wyborów, któreby były wykazały bez wszelkiej presyi i agitacyi, że Śląsk jest polskim.".〕 The attack was halted under pressure from the Entente. The result of the war was the new demarcation line, which expanded the territory controlled by Czechoslovakia. It led to the division of the region of Cieszyn Silesia in July 1920, and left a substantial Polish minority in Czechoslovakia in the region later called Zaolzie. The division of Cieszyn Silesia did not satisfy Poland and led to the Polish annexation of Zaolzie in 1938. ==Background== During the final months of World War I, Polish and Czechoslovak diplomats met to hammer out a common border between the two new countries. By the time the armistice was declared, most of the border was worked out except for three small politically sensitive areas in Upper Silesia and Upper Hungary which were claimed by both countries. Cieszyn Silesia or the Duchy of Teschen ((ポーランド語:Cieszyn) and (チェコ語:Těšín)) was a small area in south-eastern Silesia. The last Austrian census of 1910 (determining nationality according to the main communication language ((ドイツ語:Umgangssprache)) of the respondents) showed that it was predominantly Polish-speaking in three districts (Cieszyn, Bielsko, and Fryštát) and mainly Czech-speaking in the fourth district of Frýdek.〔Zahradnik 1992, 178-179.〕 The city of Cieszyn itself was mainly German-speaking.〔Ludwig Patryn (ed): ''(Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien )'', Troppau 1912.〕 Part of the population (the ''Ślązakowcy'') claimed a distinct, Silesian identity.〔Hannan 1996, 47.〕 The chief importance of Cieszyn Silesia was the rich coal basin around Karviná and the valuable Košice-Bohumín Railway line which linked the Czech lands with Slovakia. Furthermore, in north-western Cieszyn Silesia the railroad junction of Bohumín served as a crossroad for international transport and communications.〔William Fiddian Reddaway. ''The Cambridge History of Poland, Vol 2.'' Cambridge University Press. 1971. pp. 513-514.〕 On 5 November 1918, the Polish National Council and the Czechoslovak Committee concluded an agreement on the demarcation line for administrative and military purposes, and divided the area along the ethnic boundaries. The Frýdek district and a small part of the Fryštát district was left on the Czech side, the remainder was accorded to the Poles.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polish–Czechoslovak War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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